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Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1420-8

摘要:

Humanity has been facing the threat of a variety of infectious diseases. Airborne microorganisms can cause airborne infectious diseases, which spread rapidly and extensively, causing huge losses to human society on a global scale. In recent years, the detection technology for airborne microorganisms has developed rapidly; it can be roughly divided into biochemical, immune, and molecular technologies.

关键词: Biosensor     Airborne microorganisms     Microbiological detection technology    

Controlling microbiological interfacial behaviors of hydrophobic organic compounds by surfactants in

ZHANG Dong,ZHU Lizhong

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 305-315 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0647-z

摘要: Bioremediation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) contaminated soils involves several physicochemical and microbiological interfacial processes among the soil-water-microorganism interfaces. The participation of surfactants facilitates the mass transport of HOCs in both the physicochemical and microbiological interfaces by reducing the interfacial tension. The effects and underlying mechanisms of surfactants on the physicochemical desorption of soil-sorbed HOCs have been widely studied. This paper reviewed the progress made in understanding the effects of surfactant on microbiological interfacial transport of HOCs and the underlying mechanisms, which is vital for a better understanding and control of the mass transfer of HOCs in the biodegradation process. In summary, surfactants affect the microbiological interfacial behaviors of HOCs during three consecutive processes: the soil solution-microorganism sorption, the transmembrane process, and the intracellular metabolism. Surfactant could promote cell sorption of HOCs depending on the compatibility of surfactant hydrophile hydrophilic balance (HLB) with cell surface properties; while the dose ratio between surfactant and biologic mass (membrane lipids) determined the transmembrane processes. Although surfactants cannot easily directly affect the intracellular enzymatic metabolism of HOCs due to the steric hindrace, the presence of surfactants can indirectly enhanced the metabolism by increasing the substrate concentrations.

关键词: biodegradation     sorption     transmembrane transport     microbiological interfaces     surfactants    

Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1682-4

摘要:

● Abundance of MAGs carrying ARG-VF pairs unchanged in rivers after WWTP upgrade.

关键词: Wastewater treatment plant upgrade     Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)     Virulence factors (VFs)     Gene co-occurrence     Genome-centric analysis    

脉冲辐射探测技术

欧阳晓平

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第4期   页码 44-55

摘要:

脉冲辐射探测是探知核反应过程特征信息的主要途径之一,是核反应过程特性研究、核装置设计、运行、监测与控制不可或缺的技术手段。由核探测器、探测方法和应用技术等构成的脉冲辐射场探测技术,已成为科学研究、核技术应用、核材料分析、裂变/聚变研究和天体物理等相关核科学研究的必备技术元素。文章介绍了我国发展的瞬态核裂变、核聚变反应过程释放的脉冲中子、伽马混合辐射场探测系统和测量技术。

关键词: 裂变反应     聚变反应     脉冲辐射探测     探测系统     中子测量     伽马测量    

海水养殖细菌性病害检测方法研究进展

肖婧凡,王玥,张元兴,雷霁霖

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第9期   页码 10-15

摘要:

随着我国水产养殖业的不断发展,各种病害问题日益突出。细菌性病害在所有病害中占到相当大的比例,因此其检测方法的开发在水产养殖病害发现、防治、无公害水产品生产及卫生质量检验中均具有重要意义。本文对近年来国内外主要海水养殖细菌性病害检测方法的研究情况进行综述,介绍了主要细菌性病害的各种检测方法的原理、应用及其研究进展,为我国今后建立水产养殖细菌性病害检测方法标准及推动相应检测产品的商品化提供参考。

关键词: 水产养殖     细菌性病害     检测方法    

氯化水与地表水导致的膜污染对比解析——生物污染特性和微生物探究 Article

张莉, 徐磊, Nigel Graham, 俞文正

《工程(英文)》 2022年 第15卷 第8期   页码 154-164 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.016

摘要:

氯在城市水处理过程中通常用于灭活病原体和预防水媒疾病,但是目前尚不清楚其作为一种预处理技术是否能够有效地缓解超滤过程中产生的膜污染。在本研究中,我们探究了自来水在重力驱动膜过滤系统中对生物膜的形成及生物污染的影响。同时,未处理的地表水(湖水)所形成的生物膜/生物污染也进行了对比研究。研究表明,自来水过滤系统产生了比湖水更严重的膜污染,而且多糖和eDNA的含量更高。其生物膜形态致密,但是湖水形成的生物膜是多孔、类似蜘蛛网状的结构,猜测可能与生物膜中的细菌有关。16S rRNA测序结果表明,Xanthobacter在自来水形成的生物膜中占据优势地位。此外,研究发现膜的亲、疏水性对膜污染特性和微生物群落的影响较小。本研究揭示了耐氯细菌在膜污染形成中的重要作用,更深入地认识了膜污染,可为寻求有效的膜污染控制方法提供帮助。

关键词: 膜污染     生物膜     GDM过滤技术     超滤     耐氯细菌     亲水性    

基于光声原理的火灾复合气体探测技术

蒋亚龙,袁宏永,张永明,刘勇,祝玉泉,王进军

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第8期   页码 69-72

摘要:

监测燃烧过程中产生的气体(主要是CO)来探测火灾逐渐成为火灾探测中的一个重要领域。各种现有的气体传感器灵敏度比较低,不利于火灾的早期报警,利用基于光声原理的复合气体探测技术来进行火灾探测,能极大地提高探测器的灵敏度。将CO和CO2的检测结合起来,可降低探测器的误报率,有利于提高早期报警。

关键词: 光声     火灾探测     气体复合    

量子地球物理深部探测技术及装备发展战略研究

林君 ,嵇艳鞠 ,赵静 ,佟训乾 ,易晓峰

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第4期   页码 156-166 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.017

摘要: Superconductor Science and Technology , 2021 , 34 3 : 1 ‒ 10 .">11]。Her major research fields include time-domain electromagnetic theory and detection technology.Engineering project “Strategic Research on the Innovative Development of Deep-Earth Exploration Technology

关键词: 矿产资源     深部探测     量子高精度测量     超导量子电磁探测     超导重力探测     冷原子绝对重力探测    

桥面铺装病害检测技术研究

郭成超,许朋飞,崔璨

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第6期   页码 38-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.006

摘要:

在桥梁的全生命周期中,桥面板是最容易出现病害的部分。桥面铺装层常常由于施工方法选择不当、混凝土老化、钢筋锈蚀等原因产生各种病害,这对桥梁结构、使用性能都会造成不利影响,因此有必要对相关病害进行检测,并对桥面质量做出相关评价。本文介绍了国内外四种主要无损检测方法(半电池电位法、探地雷达法、冲击回波法、红外热成像法)的工作原理以及相应的检测设备,利用其中一种或几种方法能准确评估桥面板的恶化情况,对桥面板状况进行快速、无损检测,为实现桥面铺装的准确检测提供技术支持,从而减少结构病害,延长桥梁的使用寿命。

关键词: 桥面铺装     病害     无损检测    

Usability perceptions and beliefs about smart thermostats by chi-square test, signal detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory in regions of Mexico

Pedro PONCE, Therese PEFFER, Arturo MOLINA

《能源前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 522-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0562-2

摘要: It is well known that smart thermostats (STs) have become key devices in the implementation of smart homes; thus, they are considered as primary elements for the control of electrical energy consumption in households. Moreover, energy consumption is drastically affected when the end users select unsuitable STs or when they do not use the STs correctly. Furthermore, in future, Mexico will face serious electrical energy challenges that can be considerably resolved if the end users operate the STs in a correct manner. Hence, it is important to carry out an in-depth study and analysis on thermostats, by focusing on social aspects that influence the technological use and performance of the thermostats. This paper proposes the use of a signal detection theory (SDT), fuzzy detection theory (FDT), and chi-square (CS) test in order to understand the perceptions and beliefs of end users about the use of STs in Mexico. This paper extensively shows the perceptions and beliefs about the selected thermostats in Mexico. Besides, it presents an in-depth discussion on the cognitive perceptions and beliefs of end users. Moreover, it shows why the expectations of the end users about STs are not met. It also promotes the technological and social development of STs such that they are relatively more accepted in complex electrical grids such as smart grids.

关键词: thermostats     perceptions     beliefs     signal detection theory (SDT)     fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT)     chi-square (CS) test    

Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 448-464 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1611-9

摘要: Perchlorate has recently emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant of healthy concern. Development of novel detection methods for perchlorate with the potential for field use has been an urgent need. The investigation has shown that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has great potential to become a practical analysis tool for the rapid screening and routine monitoring of perchlorate in the field, particularly when coupled with portable/handheld Raman spectrometers. In this review article, we summarize progress made in SERS analysis of perchlorate in water and other media with an emphasis on the development of SERS substrates for perchlorate detection. The potential of this technique for fast screening and field testing of perchlorate-contaminated environmental samples is discussed. The challenges and possible solutions are also addressed, aiming to provide a better understanding on the development directions in the research field.

关键词: perchlorate     SERS     detection     substrate     modification     nanostructure    

A fast antibiotic detection method for simplified pretreatment through spectra-based machine learning

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1472-9

摘要:

• A spectral machine learning approach is proposed for predicting mixed antibiotic.

关键词: Antibiotic contamination     Spectral detection     Machine learning    

Edge detection of steel plates at high temperature using image measurement

Qiong Zhou, Qi An

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第4卷 第1期   页码 77-82 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0013-1

摘要: An edge detection method for the measurement of steel plate’s thermal expansion is proposed in this paper, where the shrinkage of a steel plate is measured when temperature drops. First, images are picked up by an imaging system; a method of regional edge detection based on grayscales’ sudden change is then applied to detect the edges of the steel plate; finally, pixel coordinates of the edge position are transformed to physical coordinates through calibration parameters. The experiment shows that the real-time, high precision, and non-contact measurement of the steel plate’s edge position under high temperature can be realized using the imaging measurement method established in this paper.

关键词: thermal expansion     image measurement     edge detection     image calibration    

Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023532

摘要:

● A machine vision-based prototype system was developed for fruit grading.

关键词: Computer and machine vision     convolution neural network     deep learning     defective fruit detection     fruit grading     microcontroller    

探测爆炸物和放射性材料的核技术方法

陈涵德

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第1期   页码 77-85

摘要:

叙述了采用核技术方法探查隐藏爆炸物和放射性材料的优越性及其特点,重点介绍了8类主动式中子质询技术,对它们探查爆炸物的适用范围进行了剖析,对采用伽玛法的非中子质询技术作了一般性讨论。概括了各类已商用化工业中子源和伽玛射线探测器,论述了它们应用于安检系统的长处和不足。分析了两类典型的隐藏爆炸物安检问题,指出一个理想的爆炸物探查系统应具备的11项特性。介绍了国际上最受重视的伴随粒子成像和脉冲快中子系统的研制进展。简要描述了有别于主动式探查爆炸物的被动式放射性材料探查方法。指出隐藏爆炸物品和放射性物质的检查没有一种方法是万能的,不同场合不同目标需要用不同的技术或联合使用几种技术。

关键词: 核技术     中子质询     爆炸物     放射性材料     中子源     探测器    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

期刊论文

Controlling microbiological interfacial behaviors of hydrophobic organic compounds by surfactants in

ZHANG Dong,ZHU Lizhong

期刊论文

Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

期刊论文

脉冲辐射探测技术

欧阳晓平

期刊论文

海水养殖细菌性病害检测方法研究进展

肖婧凡,王玥,张元兴,雷霁霖

期刊论文

氯化水与地表水导致的膜污染对比解析——生物污染特性和微生物探究

张莉, 徐磊, Nigel Graham, 俞文正

期刊论文

基于光声原理的火灾复合气体探测技术

蒋亚龙,袁宏永,张永明,刘勇,祝玉泉,王进军

期刊论文

量子地球物理深部探测技术及装备发展战略研究

林君 ,嵇艳鞠 ,赵静 ,佟训乾 ,易晓峰

期刊论文

桥面铺装病害检测技术研究

郭成超,许朋飞,崔璨

期刊论文

Usability perceptions and beliefs about smart thermostats by chi-square test, signal detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory in regions of Mexico

Pedro PONCE, Therese PEFFER, Arturo MOLINA

期刊论文

Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

期刊论文

A fast antibiotic detection method for simplified pretreatment through spectra-based machine learning

期刊论文

Edge detection of steel plates at high temperature using image measurement

Qiong Zhou, Qi An

期刊论文

Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

期刊论文

探测爆炸物和放射性材料的核技术方法

陈涵德

期刊论文